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秦简中英读本

赵岩、[美]陈光宇、[美]詹富国 编著

上海人民出版社

2024年1月

20世纪以来，大量的简帛文献的出土与公布使秦简成为中外学界的研究热点，但作为“冷门而小众之学”，国内外至今鲜有面向大众的相关普及性著述，本书正是在此背景下编写而成。书中中英文字经多名国内外古文字专业学者编写审定，兼具普及性、学术性与前沿性，既可作为培养古文字与出土文献研究人才的入门读本，也可以满足广大华夏古文明爱好者的阅读需要。

本书收录秦简共16组44篇，通过释字、解词、析句辨章、阐释文意，对原本深奥难懂的简牍文献加以层层拆解。并引入相关历史背景，力图使读者获得读懂秦简所需的完备知识体系。除此之外，本书所选用秦简类型丰富，所涉主题既覆盖秦人如何生活、祝祷、玩乐等微观层面，也囊括秦代社会经济、行政运作、律令体系、地理沿革等宏观背景，使读者亦可从吉光片羽之中窥见秦文明的本来面貌。

二十三、黑夫信件

23. Letter from Hēifū

原文

Bamboo Script

二月辛巳，黑夫、驚敢再拜問中、母毋恙也？黑夫、驚毋恙也。前日黑夫與驚别，今復會矣。Ⅰ黑夫寄乞就書曰：遺黑夫錢，毋操夏衣來。今書節（即）到，母視安陸絲布賤可以爲Ⅱ襌帬（裙）、襦者，母必爲之，令與錢偕來。其絲布貴，徒操錢來，黑夫自以布此。Ⅲ黑夫等直佐淮陽，攻反城久，傷未可智（知）也。（願）母遺黑夫用勿少。書到，Ⅳ皆爲報=（報。報）必言相家爵來未來，告黑夫其未來狀。聞王得苟得Ⅴ（正面）毋恙也？辭相家爵不也？書衣之南軍，毋……王得不也？Ⅰ爲黑夫、驚多問姑姊、康樂季須（嬃）、故術長姑外内……毋恙也？Ⅱ爲黑夫、驚多問東室季須（嬃）苟得毋恙也？Ⅲ爲黑夫、驚多問嬰氾季吏（事）可（何）如？定不定？Ⅳ爲黑夫、驚多問夕陽吕嬰、㔷里閻諍丈人得毋恙也？嬰、諍皆毋恙也，毋錢用、衣矣。Ⅴ驚多問新負（婦）、妴得毋恙也？新負（婦）勉力視瞻丈人，毋與□□□。垣柏未智（知）歸時。新負（婦）勉力也。Ⅵ背面

寬式隸定

Loose Transcription

二月辛巳，黑夫驚敢再拜問中、母毋恙也？黑夫、驚毋恙也。前日黑夫與驚别，今復會矣。黑夫寄乞就書曰：遺黑夫錢，毋操夏衣來。今書即到，母視安陸絲布賤可以爲襌裙、襦者，母必爲之，令與錢偕來。其絲布貴，徒操錢來，黑夫自以布此。黑夫等直佐淮陽，攻反城久，傷未可知也。願母遺黑夫用勿少。書到，皆爲報。報必言相家爵來未來，告黑夫其未來狀。聞王得苟得毋恙也？辭相家爵不也？書衣之南軍，毋……王得不也？爲黑夫、驚多問姑姊、康樂季嬃、故術長姑外内……毋恙也？爲黑夫、驚多問東室季嬃苟得毋恙也？爲黑夫、驚多問嬰氾季事何如？定不定？爲黑夫、驚多問夕陽吕嬰、㔷里閻諍丈人得毋恙也？嬰、諍皆毋恙也，毋錢用、衣矣。驚多問新婦、妴得毋恙也？新婦勉力視瞻丈人，毋與□□□。垣柏未知歸時。新婦勉力也。

白話文

Vernacular Chinese

二月辛巳，黑夫、驚斗膽再拜問候中、母親一切都好吧？黑夫、驚一切都好。之前黑夫與驚分别，現在又相會了。黑夫委託乞就的信裏説：給黑夫錢，不要持夏日的衣服來。現在信若到達，母親看安陸縣絲布便宜可以用來做單層裙、衣的，母親一定買一些，將其與錢一起寄來。絲布如果太貴，只寄錢來即可，黑夫自己在此處用來買布。黑夫等在淮陽擔任佐，攻打反叛的城池很長時間，是否會受傷還不知道。希望母親給黑夫的錢不要少。信到了，一同回復。回復時一定要告知因軍功獲得的爵位來還是没來，告知黑夫它未來的原因。聽説王得一切安好與否？是否向官府訴訟爵位之事？書與衣物到南軍，不要……王得？爲黑夫、驚問候姑媽、康樂里的姐姐、故術長姑一家等人……一切安好吧？爲黑夫、驚問候東屋的姐姐一切安好吧？爲黑夫、驚問候嬰氾季的事情怎麽樣？是否已經確定？爲黑夫、驚問候夕陽里的吕嬰、㔷里的閻諍兩家的老人一切安好吧？嬰、諍都一切安好，只是没有錢、衣服。驚問候妻子、妴一切安好吧？妻子努力照顧丈人，不要與□□□。垣柏不知回家的時間。妻子努力啊。

英文翻譯

English Translation

On the day xīnsì of the second month, Hēifū and Jīng dare to greet Zhōng and Mother: everything is well? After being apart for several days, Hēifū and Jīng are now together again. Hēifū has previously entrusted Qǐjiù to send a letter stating:“ Gave Hēifū money, no need to bring summer clothing.” Now that the letter must have arrived, Mom, please check whether the price of silk and cloth for making pants and clothes is cheap in Ānlù County, if so, do buy some and send them together with money. If they are expensive, then just send money. I will buy cloth here. Hēifū and others are stationed at Huáiyáng as lieutenant. We are to attack the enemy city, it may take a long time and we are not sure whether we may get injured during the fight. So, we wish Mom send enough money. Please do answer our letters. When you answer, make sure to let us know whether the title obtained through military merit has arrived or not, and if not the cause of it. Have you heard that Wáng Dé is well or not? Has he appealed to the government about the title?... Extend our greetings to aunt, sister at Kānglè Village as well as to Aunt Zhǎng and her family at Gùshù...is everything good? Please give our greetings to the sister at East room, ［trust that］ everything is well? Ask for us how is the situation of Yīng Fánjì? Is it certain? Please send greetings to father in-laws of Lǚ Yīng in Xīyáng Village and of Yán Zhèng in Lòu Village,［ trust that］ everything is well? Yīng and Zhèng are well here, except they don’t have enough money and clothes. Jīng sends greetings to his wife and his kid Yuàn, wishes that everything is well. May the wife take good care of father-in-law, do not.... Yuánbǎi does not know the date of his return. So, may the wife exert herself and do her best.

三十六、鬭而盡拔人須眉

36. Plucking Total Beards and Eyebrows at Brawl

原文

Bamboo Script

或與人鬭，縛而盡拔其須麋（眉），論可（何）殹？當完城旦。

寬式隸定

Loose Transcription

或與人鬭，縛而盡拔其須眉，論何殹？當完城旦。

白話文

Vernacular Chinese

有人與人鬭毆，捆綁該人並完全拔掉該人的鬍鬚與眉毛，判決什麽罪？判處完城旦的刑罰。

英文翻譯

English Translation

If someone fights another person, then binds that person and completely plucks that person’s beard and eyebrows, what sentence should he be given? He should be sentenced to be “male builders of walls” but be spared mutilation.

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